contravention i'm a news stories this hour on r.t. eight european banks failed stress test for a worst case scenario with clouds threatening to rain down on the euro in the current financial still report murdoch says sorry for the phone hacking by the news of the world as his media empire built on sleaze and scandal tries to stave off self destruction preparation work is on the way to lift the russian cruiser from the bottom of the volgograd aimed at shedding more light on why the vessel went down for the loss of around one hundred thirty. years continues in

a steady mr nunn meantime is the second part of our special report about anti nuclear activist from new zealand who works to inspire you to fight for atomic the sun best. the follow from the french tests went beyond the polynesian islands because it outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the enter nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here in clear technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about new zealand speech a free post say that people would have come complacent and feel as foreign we're safe that there are these other she said i'm in a lot of people to say people in the peace movement was happy sent out a big scary beards resounds and that's what peoples like. even in new zealand it's

difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist movement when i'm working at peace foundation in my role as the youth outreach called matter. of race and they are a taxi to the pacific northwest of all ends facing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remarked and that we were big way back he had to. sort things out the pacific garden country. i was brought up on a higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace activists last starts and my brother and i feel a responsibility to continue that work. i have this funny memory of mum buying a greenpeace sticker it put on

a window and it was of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism couldn't have however on a part that was on a peaceful mission released of show choir terrorists living in a safe come. i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation a legacy of hope really the same that we have given young people. because it's twenty years since we actually passed the rule and we want a young people's now that they're all because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old times. if it's interesting i will because. it is. what. i feel is. that. we're. not this is. something new that if all you're. listening to the story is oh people like mum and peacemakers and israel and the

what they've done is me hard and i think that what i've seen what ordinary citizens can do make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade it made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those parts to go out the exit proteus i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model that they have that is the new unusual i think right around the world you would lose notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a clear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem.

but bombing remember warrior and what it was. meant to do her. dreams and it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal lamed for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french and to even. the british preceded the french and that's a fair beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. museum to speech and study. the results didn't start the presence of elevated crime as disturbances . in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered. recently a national conference here and when the daughter of one of the. spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of

having i try on food even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from. the nuclear tests in the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with the things that. i wish through was normal until i. got to school and sit on the mess. so it would appear. and i see because once i am up there's a take. and then i'll say i and my mom trust start nuclear because that's how i understood. crane as an external command her now working at sam and security center.

back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in mt submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this nuclear depth bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it that from a helicopter we could not escape the fort as a night and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was be assured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. i mean later many years later that. this was completely untrue. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not

a psychopath my friends were are psychopaths and we were professional military men . who thought very deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. in their planning finger on the phone he had a conscience to do something about it right i can't imagine going around it's. just come it's him and i see him stuck now so passionate about what he does it's just. signal to rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale because of they say nothing like cover it. yeah they're always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which is what scream proposed the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there

can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially about the thousands of nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert in the us than in russia and the united states as well i think it's eleven upon me on the x. of that plane. we dropped four off of spray we have drop one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states and that one is still there a number of. the nuclear. weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on that there's a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. being given the

number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began the swell called project idea there was a strain if you say i'm going to clean your plate we've only go in everywhere else in the world could do it by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's unable to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be to clear the legal as we had done in our country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. that that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen by the real sources of international law apart from treaties as to marry

international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that by categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by a threat unanimously or threat or use of force. may means of nuclear weapons and that these contrary to article. all of the united nations charter and article fifty one. he's only for. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in

the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're going to add it is contrary to international law even to have in one's asness this weapon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it i did as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers are alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. a world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into court but governments will ignore it and that's true they have . and he of that he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never

actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terms is that if they try to emulate we use names of terrorists doesn't work where many would argue that terence doesn't use a so it is a use of a nuclear weapon which they threaten to use them and that's when you're into the work or the first time you want to get through it you know and that's the name it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i used to have threesome clued in their original question is if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could barguti well we're only relying terence which is threat and so we're not ready so i waited for him and. we flew from here is going to go back to the court personnel speech and. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting talbott

opinion on. this based on. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous parts of the opinion and i wanted to say to news on how can we might get stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce the new yes the nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world courses and the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide

a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for a nuclear war and the signing signer states i don't really agree to take good for you to different from a limited nuclear weapons i'm not i'm with that and of course we focus on well lucian's voters those who are like policemen on the word scene i am talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe how you have but if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the world to complain be pulled out of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that is followed these days is you know dividing the world between friends court and court good country then court and court bad or rogue countries or even to

do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay so much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty three babel sand in iraq was a friend of the west. because he's still on intelligence agencies like the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons and these are the. deterrents going to start. and nobody's going through the united states when the war the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. spending so the only way something turning. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military documents the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled

a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance but the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security and who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather right shooting mosquitoes with cannons i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the following war between britain and france because when i finally call up any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear

weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's due to the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like resilient if they call you free they will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of needs here we pins on the streets sometimes i just want to cry i'm just i've had enough in our here and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be time and a five minute recess that i can do something i what. but now it's generation going

to out the middle of the woods and pretty soon but now you know i don't know maybe you guys but among the young people i speak to a movie night go out there in person. and i think they are also searching for names on how she's doing this song efficiency and this is and i've got to shame. that belonging because yes much comes from that live sort of active projects you go on and people solidarity and they're just comic which i don't think exists so much on people that it might just as it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people are just dying and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here testament to water so i mean it's not necessarily it's you've got to convince the public statement about all the pop charts and we're going to be right here we're giving you a free yeah because i think we really should really try to trace and i think the mobilization that would occur for humanity said yeah like no one's doing what it is

my work because it's kind of a feeling and still be a kind of place that it can be so yes. but i also think that i'm going young people that i speak to what are you interested in some of these issues that must comply and they're overwhelmed by all of us here isn't money but they made them and we see what you do isn't it sort of the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of benchley you're going to blow everybody up you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the kind you know clear early night meetings crowded. it was the largest and most effective . use one of them in history and successful. the united states

was moving towards shore increase in offensive nuclear capacity means that it was forced to back down and five of the reagan administration was first to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs of that's where the star wars comes from and we're not playing in attacking anyone or just trying to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park and new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty. the big difference in numbers through the peace movement was troops were going to. turkey significantly but the lesson

there was very clear. on what. can change with. the importance of nuclear proliferation and very much. concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that you and your speech is now serving the. people and. i'm like ok. that's one so i actually found out that it was. just people who really made it clear to me speakers. and stop and search which. i watched the smart were very like stage you have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist this time and it's educator

but. let's just keep going is there a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats into nuclear tests and they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons you cite here seem another saki all the bones in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this mad the rush for

seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and reliable security non-nuclear means. when i say mad rushed over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in the about it being a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries had said why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but at the knology for enrichment nonetheless it's the same we sometimes for for to work as a latent proliferation we put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders today as part in all this we were third world

good and our dedication to peacekeeping as a perceived or gross domestic product and now drop down to eight. we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because on some number of measures later it is a nuclear alliance just like matthew that you signed on for which clearly from a need for proceeded with this policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and deserve them. everything is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions

perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. the future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on. may the bond between.

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